Clinical outcome of pediatric and young adult subclinical varicoceles: a single-institution experience / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Subclinical varicocele represents an abnormality of veins of the pampiniform plexus on scrotal ultrasound (US) without a clinically palpable varicocele. Its significance remains unclear. While guidelines do not recommend surgical intervention, clinical management is variable. As there is limited information on long-term outcome of subclinical varicoceles due to challenges in diagnosis and management, we performed a single-institution, retrospective review of patients from October 1999 to October 2014 with subclinical varicocele and with available US studies reviewed by a single radiologist. Subclinical varicocele was defined as dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus on US involving ≥2 vessels with diameter >2.5 mm, without clinical varicocele on physical examination or prior inguinal surgery. Thirty-six of 98 patients identified were confirmed as having a subclinical varicocele and analyzed. The mean age at initial visit was 15.5 years, with a mean follow-up of 26.5 months. The majority were right-sided (69.4%, n = 25), usually with a contralateral clinical varicocele. Testicular asymmetry (>20% volume difference of the affected side by testicular atrophy index formula) was assessed in 9 patients with unilateral subclinical varicocele without contralateral clinical or subclinical varicocele and observed in 1 patient. Of 17 patients with follow-up, 3 (17.6%) progressed to clinical varicocele without asymmetric testicular volume, as most remained subclinical or resolved without surgery. In our experience, subclinical varicoceles appeared unlikely to progress to clinical varicoceles, to affect testicular volume, or to lead to surgery. Although our study is limited in numbers and follow-up, this information may aid clinical management strategies and guide future prospective studies.

Application of liver three-dimensional visualized reconstruction technique in hepatectomy for children with complicated hepatoblastoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the application of liver three-dimensional (3D) visualized reconstruction technique in hepatectomy for children with complicated hepatoblastoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 30 children with hepatoblastoma who underwent hepatectomy for radical resection in PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center from January 2018 to October 2020, and according to whether liver 3D visualization with IQQA-Liver system was performed before surgery, the children were divided into 3D reconstruction group with 15 children and control group with 15 children. The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative parameters, short-term prognosis, and follow-up conditions. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the 3D reconstruction group had a significantly higher mean age (55.7±10.2 years vs 28.2±2.7 years, P 0.05). The median follow-up after surgery was 9.5 months. In the 3D reconstruction group, 2 children experienced recurrence and were diagnosed at 10 and 12 months, respectively, after surgery, and they were treated with chemotherapy at the moment; in the control group, 4 children experienced recurrence, which was higher than that in the 3D reconstruction group ( P =0.651), and among these 4 children, 2 had recurrence at 7 months after surgery, received liver transplantation, and survived up to now, and the other 2 children died shortly after recurrence. Conclusion 3D visualized reconstruction technique helps to perform hepatectomy for children with complicated hepatoblastoma more safely and accurately, especially extended hepatectomy for patients with stage POST TEXT III/IV hepatoblastoma, thereby avoiding liver transplantation.

Recent advances in simple plasma exchange therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation / 中华临床感染病杂志

Plasma exchange therapy is applied for treatment of severe immune diseases of multiple organ systems and severe liver diseases by removing pathogenic factors and regulating immune function. Regional citrate anticoagulation has no effect on systemic coagulation function and does not increase bleeding risk, and it is one of the optional anticoagulation methods for plasma exchange therapy. This article reviews recent literature on simple plasma exchange therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation to provide a reference for clinical application of this therapy.

Comparison of intestinal microbial community succession based on different universal primer sets / 生物工程学报

The important role of intestinal microorganisms in human health has been widely confirmed. At present, most of the studies on intestinal microorganisms are based on amplification of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and little attention has been paid to archaea. In this study, a primer set which can amplify 16S rRNA gene of both bacteria and archaea at the same time was used. By comparing the community changes before and after probiotics intake, it showed that this primer set is suitable for analyzing the changes of human intestinal bacteria and archaea communities. The fecal samples of volunteers were collected, and the amplification and high-throughput sequencing were carried out by using bacterial primer set (B primer) and bacterial and archaeal universal primer (AB primer); several commonly used rRNA databases were used to determine the amplification ability of the primer set to bacteria and archaea. The results showed that AB primer could display the bacterial community amplified by B primer, and could obtain the sequence of common methanogenic archaea in intestinal tract. AB primer set can analyze the bacteria and archaea in the intestinal tract at the same time by only one amplification and sequencing, which can show the structure of intestinal microbial community more comprehensively, which is suitable for the research of intestinal microorganisms.

Analysis of scientific research courses and degree courses in the teaching of eight -year program clinical medicine in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Since the establishment of eight-year clinical medicine specialty, in line with the princi-ple of "eight-year consistency and fusion of the bachelor and doctor degree", the training mode of "strength-ening the foundation, focusing on quality, overall optimization, facing the clinical" has been implemented. In order to reach the standard of professional doctorate, a series of courses of professional doctorate need to be fused in limited time and designed carefully by medical schools. However, grasping proper teaching time and opportunity is particularly important for students' learning and development. By collecting the courses information of 11 medical colleges and universities offering eight-year clinical medicine specialty, we have analyzed the teaching time, methods and course categories of scientific research training courses and graduate degree courses, aiming to find the appropriate teaching program.

In situ absorption kinetics of series molecular weight of PEGylated mesalazine in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the absorption kinetics of se-ries molecular weight 5-ASA-mPEG in rats intestine. Methods The in situ intestinal absorption property of 5-ASA-mPEG in rats was investigated by means of sin-gle-pass perfusion, and HPLC method was established to determine the drug concentration in the perfusate. Results The drug concentration and the site of intes-tine segments had little effect on the drug absorption constant ( Ka ) and apparent absorption coefficient (Papp). The perfusion flow rate and the variable mo-lecular weight of 5-ASA-mPEG could significantly af-fect the Ka and Papp. Conclusion 5-ASA-mPEG can be absorbed at all segments of the intestine of rats and has no specific absorption site. It is preliminarily in-ferred that the absorption mechanism of 5-ASA-mPEG is passive transportation. The intestinal absorption of 5-ASA-mPEG shows a downward trend with the increase in molecular weight. The results shows that the modifi-cation of 5-ASA by PEG can effectively inhibit the in-testinal absorption of mesalazine.

The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in the tissue of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma and its significance / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the difference of expression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)between acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS)and classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS).Methods The subjects were collected from The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to January 2012,including 11 patients with AIDS-KS,7 patients with classic KS,7 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infective patients without KS and 7 healthy volunteers.Clinical data and biopsy specimens were collected.The expression of TLR4 was detected by immunohistochemical method.Statistical analysis of mean between two groups was conducted by using t test.Statistical analysis of ranked data was conducted by using U test.Comparison between groups was analyzed with one-way ANOVA.Results The expressions of TLR4 were both strongly positive in patients with AIDS-KS and classic KS,and mainly in alien vascular endothelial cells (VEC)and tumor cells.TLR4 was located on cell membrane and cytoplasm,and also in the nucleus. TLR4 was rarely expressed in the skin tissue in HIV infective patients without KS and healthy volunteers. The expressions of TLR4 in AIDS-KS,classic KS,HIV infective patients and healthy volunteers were 0.242±0.443,0.208±0.059,0.072±0.042 and 0.065 ±0.031 ,respectively (F =33.70,P <0.01 ). The expressions of TLR4 were lower in HIV infective (AIDS ) patients without KS and healthy volunteers.The expression level of TLR4 was significantly higher in KS patients compared with non-KS patients (t=4.097,P =0.003).However,TLR4 expression had no significant difference between AIDS-KS and classic KS patients (t =0.480,P =0.638).The expression of TLR4 was significantly higher in AIDS-KS patients compared with HIV infective patients (t=2.900,P =0.010).Conclusions The study identifies that TLR4 is highly expressed in patients with AIDS-KS or classic KS.It is suggested that TLR4 may play an important role in occurrence and development of KS.

A New Triterpenoid Saponin from Aidi Injection / 中草药·英文版

ObjectiveTo investigate the chemical constituents from Aidi Injection.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 gel columns and reverse phase semi-preparative HPLC repeatedly.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (NMR and MS).ResultsTwenty-two compounds were isolated and identified to be 3-O-3',4'-diacetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcycloastragenol (1),astragaloside IV (2),astragaloside Ⅱ (3),astragaloside I (4),isoastragaloside I (5),acetylastragaloside I (6),ginsenosid Re (7),ginsenoside Rf (8),ginsenoside Rg1 (9),ginsenoside Rb3 (10),notoginsenoside R4 (11),ginsenoside Rb1 (12),ginsenoside Rc (13),ginsenoside Rb2 (14),ginsenoside Rd (15),lucyoside H (16),3-O-ββ-D-glucopyranosyl(l→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(l→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-Larabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(l→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (17),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl [β-D-glucopyranosyl-(l→4)]-(l→2)-αt-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (18),syringin (19),elentheroside E (20),4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-I-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (21),and coniferin (22).ConclusionCompounds 1-6 are originated from Astragalus membranceus,compounds 7-18 are originated from Panax ginseng,and compounds 19-22 are originated from Acanthopanax senticosus by LC-MS analysis.Compound 1 is a new compound.

Simultaneous determination of five glycosides in Aidi injection by RP-HPLC-ELSD / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a RP-HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous determination of five glycosides in Aidi injection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The separation was carried out at 35 degrees C on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phases in gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The SHIMADZU ELSD-LT II detector was used. The detector temperature was at 40 degrees C and the pressure of carrier gas N2 was 0.35 MPa.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear response (the natural logarithm of peak areas with corresponding mass) ranges were 21.2-212 mg x L(-1) for syringin, 30.8-308 mg x L(-1) for ginsenoside Rg1, 24.8-248 mg x L(-1) for ginsenoside Re, 25.6-256 mg x L(-1) for ginsenoside Rb1, 31.2-312 mg x L(-1), for astragaloside IV, respectively. The average recoveries (n = 9) of five glycosides were greater than 97.6%, and RSD were less than 1.1%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results demonstrated that this method had adequate accuracy and selectivity to measure the concentrations of five glycosides in Aidi injection.</p>

Chemical constituents of roots of Boehmeria nivea / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from roots of Boehmeria nivea.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography and preparative liquid chromatography; and their structures were elucidated by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as tormentic acid (1), hederagenin (2), maslinic acid (3), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (4), trans-p-hydroxycinamic acid (5), 2,4,4'-trihydroxychalcone (6), rutin (7).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-6 were obtained from this genus for the first time.</p>

Simultaneous Determination of the Contents of Costunolide and Dehydrocostuslactone in Xuedan Weichang Pill by RP-HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the contents of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in Xuedan weichang pill. METHODS:The determination was performed on Shim-pack VP-ODS column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with methanol-water(60∶40) as mobile phase and the detection wavelength was set at 225 nm.RESULTS:The linear ranges of costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone were 13.6～272.0 ?g?mL-1 and 11.25～225.0 ?g?mL-1,respectively,and their average recoveries were 99.47% and 99.62%,respectively with RSD of 1.75%(n=6) and 1.14%(n=6),respectively. CONCLUSION:The method established is simple,feasible,accurate and reliable,and it is applicable for the quality control of Xuedan weichang pill.

Chemical constituents in roots of Boehmeria nivea / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the roots of Boehmeria nivea.Methods The constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses.Results Seven compounds were isolated and their structures were identified to be daucosterol-10,13-eicosdienoate(Ⅰ),daucosterol(Ⅱ),?-sitosterol(Ⅲ),olein(Ⅳ),betulinic acid(Ⅴ),oleanolic acid(Ⅵ),19?-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅶ).Conclusion Compound Ⅰ is a new compound named niveain A,compound Ⅳ is obtained from the plants of Boehmeria Jacq.for the first time.